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Norex tar RoHS på alvor

RoHS-direktiv 2002/95/EG (Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment) Som en tilpasning til EUs direktiv om begrensninger i bruk av visse farlige stoffer i elektrisk og elektronisk utstyr (RoHS-direktivet 2002/95/EU), er fra 24. januar 2005 kravene tatt inn i forskrift om begrensning i bruk av helse- og miljøfarlige kjemikalier og andre produkter (produktforskriften). Dette innebærer forbud mot bly, kvikksølv, kadmium, seksverdig krom og bromerte flammehemmere i de fleste EE- produkter. Forbudet omfatter i hovedsak forbruksvarer som hvite- og brunevarer, datamaskiner, elektrisk verktøy, belysningsprodukter og leketøy. Forbudet vil hindre at stoffene kommer ut i miljøet når produktene kasseres. Forbudet gjelder ikke utstyr produsert eller importert til EØS-området før 1. juli 2006 og reservedeler til slikt utstyr.

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Intrinsic safety (IS) is a concept that is used to  prevent electrical equipment from causing  explosions in hazardous environments. A  hazardous environment is a location where  potentially explosive mixtures of gases or fine  powders are expected to exist. Electrical equipment  has the potential of igniting these mixtures if  sparks or high temperatures are generated during  the operation of the equipment. In an intrinsically  safe system, all of the equipment is designed and  installed in such a way that it does not have enough  energy to cause ignition of the potentially explosive  gas mixture, even in a fault condition.  Another approach to preventing explosions is to  install electrical equipment inside of “explosion  proof ” housings. These housings can withstand  ignition of any explosive gases that may be present  within the housing, eliminating the propagation of  flames into the hazardous environment. Explosion  proof systems can be large, heavy, and expensive.  Intrinsically safe systems offer a variety of  advantages over explosion proof systems. However,  intrinsic safety is only feasible for low voltage  devices that require limited power  (instrumentation, thermocouples, etc.). High  voltage, high power devices cannot be intrinsically  safe by their very nature. What are the elements of an  intrinsically safe system? An intrinsically safe (IS) system includes the IS  device that is located in the hazardous  environment, a power limiting device (IS barrier or  galvanic isolator) located in a non-hazardous area,  and the associated wiring.  IS devices typically operate on low voltage DC and  consume less than 1 watt of power. For a  manufacturer to achieve IS certification of a device,  the design and the apparatus itself must be  inspected and approved by an appropriate  regulating authority ( for example, FM, CSA, PTB).  When IS devices are correctly installed and  connected, they are incapable of creating sparks or  heat that could cause ignition of the hazardous  environment.  IS devices must always be connected to power  limiting devices, such as intrinsically safe barriers  or galvanic isolators. These barriers are located in a  safe, non-explosive environment. They are placed  between the electrical power supply and the IS  device. Their purpose is to limit the voltage and  current available to the IS device that is in the  hazardous environment.  Wire runs can change the electrical characteristics  of a circuit and must therefore be considered as  part of the overall system. Wiring of IS systems  must be done according to standards created by  regulating authorities. How are IS elements configured  together?  The elements of IS systems can be organized in  several different ways. For example, IS barriers may  be incorporated within an instrument, such as a  humidity transmitter with a remote sensor. The  electronic portion of this instrument would be  installed in a safe environment and the remote  probe installed in the hazardous environment.  Such a system would include all of the necessary  elements for an IS installation and would free the  user from having to specify and acquire IS barriers.  However, the electronic portion of the instrument  could never be mounted in a hazardous location,  seriously limiting the flexibility of installation.  Another approach is to separate the IS barriers  from the instrument. This is how Vaisala’s IS  humidity instruments are designed. In this case, the  entire instrument and probe can be mounted  anywhere within the hazardous environment.  Power and signal wires terminate at the IS barriers  in the safe environment. This allows for flexibility  in installation, but it also requires that the user  specify and acquire barriers that are appropriate  for the installation.  How are IS barriers selected for  instruments that do not include them?  Selecting the right IS barriers or galvanic isolators  is critical for safety and for the correct operation of  the IS device. The user must determine which  regulating body’s rules apply to a given installation  and then follow that body’s rules. The  documentation for IS devices always provides  guidelines for installation that are specific to each  regulating body by which the IS device is approved.  These guidelines can be used to specify and select  an appropriate IS barrier or galvanic isolator. Other  factors to consider are the power supply and the  electrical characteristics of the device where the  signal wires ultimately terminate. A maximum load  calculation should be made to be sure that the total  circuit impedance does not drop the voltage below  minimum threshold voltage for correct operation of  the IS device.  Users of Vaisala’s IS humidity instruments will find  all of the necessary information for specifying IS  barriers in the instrument’s user manual, which is  available online. It is, however, the user’s  responsibility to select IS barriers or galvanic  isolators that will meet appropriate standards and  function correctly in the user’s system. Users  should contact the manufacturers of IS barriers or  galvanic isolators for help in selecting these  devices.     Equipment Code  Description  Suitable for zones...  Ex ia  Intrinsic safety 'ia'  0, 1, 2  Ex ib  Intrinsic safety 'ib'  1,2  Ex d  Flameproof protection  1,2  Ex p  Purge/pressurized protection  1,2  Ex e  Increased safety  1,2  Ex m  Encapsulation  1,2  Ex o  Oil immersion  1,2  Ex q  Sand / powder (quartz) filling  1,2  Ex n  Type - n protection  2  Ex s  Special protection    T1  450°C  T2  300°C  T3  200°C  T4  135°C  T5  100°C  Mining  Surface Industry  Group I  Group II  Methane  IIA  IIB  IIC    Propane  Ethylene  Hydrogen  T6  85°C  Zone 0  Flammable atmosphere highly likely to be present - may be present for long periods or even continuously  Zone 1  Flammable atmosphere possible but unlikely to be present for long periods  Zone 2  Flammable atmosphere unlikely to be present except for short periods of time - typically as a result of a process fault condition.  Zone 20  Dust cloud likely to be present continuously or for long periods  Zone 21  Dust cloud likely to be present occasionally in normal operation  Zone 22  Dust cloud unlikely to occur in normal operation, but if it does, will only exist for a short period    Since the petrochemical industry is one of the larger users of gas detection  equipment it is used here to illustrate the impact that changes in hazardous  area certification have had on the gas detection industry over the last 30  years. Many of the petrochemical companies, being multinational, had to  satisfy the local safety standards of the country in which their plant was  located. Gas detection equipment purchased in one country did not  necessarily conform to other country standards and could only be used in the  country of purchase. This article traces the progressive certification changes,  influenced in part by CoGDEM participation, which have resulted in the  adoption of the new ATEX Directives. These will finally remove all trade  barriers and allow gas detection equipment manufacturers free access to EU  member countries. The ATEX directive includes both product quality and  performance, neither of which was included in previous standards. The ATEX  user directive is new and covers the ongoing maintenance of the equipment  in use. This should improve product reliability in service.  For many years an important market sector for manufacturers of gas detection  equipment has been the petrochemical industry. Most of the plant areas are  classified as hazardous and any gas detection equipment used, whether fixed or  portable, must meet the area certification requirements. Typically the classification  for a petrochemical plant would be zone 1 or zone 2 and the gas detection sensors  and portable instruments used must meet at least an explosion proof standard.  Most of the petrochemical companies are multinational and had to operate to the  local standards of the country in which the plant was located.  When CoGDEM was formed, some 26 years ago, each country had its own  certification standards. UK manufacturers wishing to export to other countries  frequently had to obtain local certification for their products. This added significantly  to the manufacturing and sales costs. Some countries imposed additional  requirements effectively protecting their local manufacturers’ domestic market.  One of the main objectives of the European Economic Community was to remove  such trade barriers, allowing greater trading opportunities between member  countries. A CENELEC committee, which included CoGDEM representation, was  formed. Its objective was to harmonise the various country standards into one  common standard acceptable in all EU member countries. The current EN 50014  series of standards covering the use of electrical equipment in hazardous areas  was introduced as a result of the work of th Annonserings- og Alarmsystem (PA & GA) Telefonsentral (PABX), telefoni feltutstyr Underholdningssystem for mottak av sendinger over satellitt, UHF, VHF og FM. Drillers interkommunikasjon fully equipped electronic workshop with approvals for repair and testing of EX equipment such as radios & accessories, cameras and other marine electronic devices elektro, automasjon og telekommunikasjon. bygg- og anleggsvirksomhet, landbasert industri, skips- og offshore installasjoner industri & offshore, , tele, sikkerhet, IP-telefoni, handel & agentur, IT drift og vedlikehold og forskning & utvikling  produkter løsninger for industriell kommunikasjon produkter i Norge velkjente produkter høyttalere og signalhorn, PA/GA intercom systemer for offshore industriell kommunikasjon,

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